NEXT SPACEFLIGHT

Status

Success

Cosmos 454

Launch Time
Tue Nov 02, 1971 14:25 UTC

Rocket

Voskhod
RVSN USSR
Status: Retired
Liftoff Thrust: 4,616 kN
Payload to LEO: 6,001 kg
Payload to GTO: 0 kg
Stages: 3
Strap-ons: 4
Rocket Height: 44.63 m
Fairing Diameter: 2.58 m
Fairing Height: 7.14 m

Mission Details

Cosmos 454

Zenit was a series of military photoreconnaissance satellites launched by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1994.

The basic design of the Zenit satellites was similar to the Vostok manned spacecraft, sharing the return and service modules. It consisted of a spherical re-entry capsule 2.3 metres in diameter with a mass of around 2,400 kilograms. This capsule contained the camera system, its film, recovery beacons, parachutes and a destruct charge. In orbit, this was attached to a service module that contained batteries, electronic equipment, an orientation system and a liquid fuelled rocket engine that would slow the Zenit for re-entry, before the service module detached. The total length in orbit was around 5 metres.

Unlike the American Corona spacecraft, the return capsule carried both the film and the cameras and kept them in a temperature controlled pressurised environment. This simplified the design and engineering of the camera system but added considerably to the mass of the satellite. An advantage was that cameras could be reused.

Most Zenits flew in a slightly elliptical orbit with a perigee of around 200 kilometres (120 miles) and an apogee between 250 and 350 kilometres (160 and 220 miles); the missions usually lasted between 8 and 15 days.

Payloads: 1
Total Mass: 6,300.0 kg
Low Earth Orbit

Location

Site 41/1, Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia

Stats

1971

103rd orbital launch attempt

Voskhod

169th mission
26th mission of 1971
159th successful mission
7th consecutive successful mission