NEXT SPACEFLIGHT

Status

Failure

M-69 n°521

Launch Time
Thu Mar 27, 1969 10:40 UTC

The rotor of the turbopump of the RD-0212 engine of the third stage catches fire, and the engine breaks up in flight, causing the explosion of the launcher.

Rocket

Proton-K/Block D
RVSN USSR
Status: Retired
Liftoff Thrust: 8,840 kN
Payload to LEO: 18,900 kg
Payload to GTO: 9,000 kg
Stages: 4
Strap-ons: 0
Rocket Height: 56.14 m
Fairing Diameter: 3.9 m
Fairing Height: 8.9 m

Mission Details

M-69 n°521

The Mars M-69 probes were originally intended to consist of both an orbiter and a lander. Time constraints did not permit the development of a soft lander, so engineers decided to simply use a hard lander that would crash into the Martian surface but gather data during its descent.

At first, a modified Luna Ye-8 bus was to be used for the spacecraft, however it had a number of limitations that made it unsuitable for the long journey to Mars. Halfway through the project, Lavochkin Bureau design chief Georgi Babakin decided to simply discard the Luna E-8 derived probe and design a completely new one from scratch.

However, the 2M probes ended significantly heavier than intended and engineers also ran out of time to conduct drop tests of the lander, so that part was abandoned which left only the orbiter. If successful, this would still be a major propaganda success for the Soviets as NASA was nearly three years away from attempting a Mars orbiter.

Payloads: 1
Total Mass: 4,850.0 kg
Heliocentric Orbit

Location

Site 81/23, Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan

Stats

1969

35th orbital launch attempt

Proton-K

12th mission
3rd mission of 1969
6th failed mission