Soyuz 26 was a Soviet space mission which launched the crew of Salyut 6 EO-1 (Yuri Romanenko & Georgi Grechko), the first long duration crew on the space station Salyut 6.

The Soyuz spacecraft was launched on 10 December 1977, and docked with the space station the next day. Soyuz 27 arrived at the station in January 1978, and its two-person crew (Vladimir Dzhanibekov & Oleg Makarov) transferred into the Soyuz 26 spacecraft to undock and land a few days later.

This is Soyuz's 42th flight, and 25th crewed flight.

The Soyuz is a Soviet crewed spaceship, developed to made manned lunar missions. This version called 7K will fly 4 times on the giant launcher N1, and several tens of times on Proton to fly over the Moon, which will be successful during the mission Zond 4. Soyuz will become the first spacecraft to transport living beings to the Moon during the flight of Zond 5, with two turtles. Subsequently, it is adapted to low orbit and will fly on the Soyuz launcher to serve the Salyut and Mir stations and the ISS.