Identical to Vega-1. A combined mission to Venus and Halley's comet. The whole spacecraft flew to Venus, the mothership got a gravity assist and flew on to Halley's comet while the Venus portion, consisting of a lander and a balloon, entered Venus's atmosphere. The two modules separated midflight and the lander went on to the surface while the balloon was inflated and reached a stable altitude between 53 and 54km. The lander recorded a pressure of 91atm and a temperature of 736K, and transmitted other information too. It transmitted from the surface for 56 minutes.

The comet portion flew through the dust tail of the comet and took hundreds of pictures of the nucleus with various filters. Vega-2 was able to get higher resolution pictures than Vega 1 because there was less dust in the tail at the time.